Incompatibility mechanism of Crotonis Semen Pulveratum and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma based on diuretic effect and intestinal flora structure / 中国中药杂志

Based on the toxic characteristics caused by the compatibility between "Zaoji Suiyuan" and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, which was found in the previous studies, the expanded study was carried out on the incompatibility mechanism between Crotonis Semen Pulveratum(CT) and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(GU) with the diuretic effect and intestinal flora as the characteristic indexes. The results showed that GU could slow down the rapid diuretic effect of CT, which suggested a tendency of decreasing the efficacy. Both the high and low dose of CT could significantly induce the intestinal injury and change the intestinal bacteria structure of mice. Low dose CT combined with GU could significantly increase the levels of Streptococcus and Rikenellaceae＿ukn. The relative abundance of Desulfovibrio and Streptococcaceae＿ukn were increased after the combined application of high dose CT and GU. It also suggested that there was a risk of inflammation in the liver and intestines when combined application of these two herbs. The results revealed that the combination of CT and GU has a tendency to reduce the clinical effect and increase the toxicity from the aspects of its traditional efficacy and its effect on intestinal microflora structure, which could provide the data for the clinical use of CT.

Evaluation of antimicrobial, hypotensive and diuretic effect of Eugenia uniflora extracts / Avaliação do efeito antimicrobiano, hipotensivo e diurético de extratos de Eugenia uniflora

The genus Eugenia sp. (Myrtaceae) comprises plants with reported antioxidant and antidiarrheal capability among other therapeutic potentials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of essential oil; diuretic and hypotensive activities of aqueous extracts from leaves of Eugenia uniflora. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated . The diuretic and hypotensive activities were evaluated in normotensive Wistar rats by measuring blood pressure and urine flow after received four different concentrations of aqueous extracts (10%, 15%, 20% and 25%). Essential oil inhibited the growth of Candida parapsilosis and Candida albicans with MIC values lower than 14.41 mg/mL, equal to 57.75 mg/mL for Candida krusei. Among antibacterial effect, essential oil inhibited growth with a MIC equals to 153.93 mg/mL for all strains tested, except for Escherichia coli (MIC equals to 307.96 mg/mL. Aqueous extracts showed powerful reductions of the arterial pressure (34% and 31% lower than the control), after administration of 10% and 25% of aqueous extract, respectively. However, the animals that received the aqueous extract at the 15% and 20% concentrations presented a discrete hypotensive effect (20% and 21% lower than control group, respectively) concomitantly to powerful diuretic effect (280% and 91% higher than control group, respectively). These data confirmed the potential biological effect of this species, and represents an important step toward a depth study on the therapeutic properties of this species

O gênero Eugenia sp. (Myrtaceae) compreende plantas com capacidade antimicrobiana e antioxidante entre outros potenciais terapêuticos. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana de óleo essencial; atividade diurética e hipotensora de extrato aquoso de folhas de Eugenia uniflora. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada pela determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (MIC) e concentração mínima bactericida (MBC) de cepas bacterianas e concentração fungicida mínima (MFC) para fungos. A atividade diurética e hipotensora foi avaliada em ratos Wistar normotensos pela mensuração da pressão sanguínea e fluxo urinário após administração de quatro diferentes concentrações de extrato aquoso (10%, 15%, 20% e 25%). Óleo essencial inibiu o crescimento de Candida parapsilosis e Candida albicans com valores de MIC menores que 14,41 mg/mL, igual a 57,75 mg/mL para Candida krusei. A respeito do efeito antimicrobiano, o óleo essencial inibiu o crescimento de todas as cepas testadas, com MIC igual a 153,93 mg/mL, exceto para Escherichia coli (MIC igual a 307.96 mg/mL). O extrato aquoso mostrou redução importante da pressão arterial (34% e 31% quando comparado ao controle), após administração de 10% e 25% do extrato aquoso, respectivamente. Contudo, os animais que receberam o extrato aquoso na concentração de 15% e 20% apresentaram discreto efeito hipotensor (20% e 21% menor que o grupo controle, respectivamente) concomitantemente ao importante efeito diurético (280% e 91% maior quando comparado ao grupo controle, respectivamente). Esses achados confirmam o potencial efeito biológico dessa espécie, e representa um importante embasamento para estudos relacionados as propriedades terapêuticas da Eugenia uniflora

Study on the Diuretic Effect of Powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen / 现代生物医学进展

Objective:To study the diuretic effect of micronized powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen on rats.Methods:The metabolic cage method and weighing method were used in this experiment;The indictor of urine excretion in 6 h was used to study the diuretic effect of powder ofPanax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen in the water loaded rats;the output of Na +,K +,C1-in urine were measured to elucidate the related mechanization.Results:Powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen under high dose after administration of 2h to 5h can significantly increase the urine volume of rat compared with the blank control group (P＜0.01,P＜0.05),but no diuretic effect after administration of 6h.powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen under high dose could increase the urine Na+,Cl-(P ＜0.01) but reduce the K+ excretion,inhibitting the Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion of renal tubule.It could significantly increase rat urine pH value (P＜0.01),the effect ofpH value by which is similar with the effect of hydrochlorothiazide and the effect of Jinqiancao granules.Conclusion:For the first time,this study investigated the diuretic effect of powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen,The relevant mechanism is that powder of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H.Chen have an impact on inhibitting the Na+ reabsorption and K+ excretion of renal tubule.

Study on Diuretic Effect ofMori Cortex Aqueous Extracts and Chemical Split Fractions / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to investigate the diuretic effect ofMori Cortex and to identify effective fractions inM. Cortex. Metabolic cages were used to firstly observe the diuretic effect ofM. Cortex aqueous extracts on rats. Medications were continuously given for 5 days to screen for the best dosage of diuretic effect. Picric acid assays were used to detect creatinine levels in serum and urine after 5-day medication. Then, the diuretic effect of each chemical split fraction inM. Cortex was studied in order to indentify the effective parts. The results showed that after administration ofM. Cortex aqueous extracts for 3 to 5 days, compared with the control group, there was a significant diuretic effect on rats (P<0.05 orP<0.01). And the medium-dose ofM. Cortex aqueous extracts showed the best effect (P<0.01). However,M. Cortex aqueous extracts had no significant effect on creatinine levels in serum and urine. Assays of diuretic effect of chemical split fractions ofM.Cortex indicated that compared with the control group, 30% ethanol fraction and fatty oil fraction had the best diuretic effect (P<0.01). It was concluded thatM.Cortex aqueous extracts had a significant diuretic effect. And the chemical fractions contributed mostly to this effect were mainly existed in the 30% ethanol fraction and fatty oil fraction.

Effects of short-term supplementation of erythritol-salt on urinary electrolyte excretion in rats / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to investigate the diuretic effects of Erythritol (ET) salt on urinary electrolyte excretion in Sprague-Dawley Rats. METHODS: Animals were divided into two groups: Salt group (n = 7) and Salt + ET fed group (n = 7). Animals were provided food and water ad libitum. Supplements were administered orally to animals for one week. RESULTS: Body weights were not statistically different between groups either on Day 1 or Day 7. However, water consumption of the Salt + ET group was significantly higher than that of the Salt group on Day 1 and Day 7. Urine volume of the Salt + ET group was approximately 27% and 38% higher than that of the Salt group on Day 1 and Day 7. In addition, we found that the total amounts of urinary electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, of the Salt + ET group were significantly higher than those of the Salt group on Day 7. We also found that serum electrolyte concentrations did not differ between two groups. These results demonstrated that salt intake with ET was effective in increasing urinary electrolyte excretion, which might be caused by higher water intake and diuretic effect inhibiting reabsorption of water, sodium, and potassium in renal tubules. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that short-term supplementation of ET salt can be a potential diuretic agent by inhibiting sodium and potassium reabsorption and inducing loss of water.

Diuretic and hipotensive activity of aqueous extract of parsley seeds (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm) in rats / Atividade diurética e hipotensora do extrato aquoso da semente de salsa (Petroselinum sativum Hoffm) em ratos

PURPOSE: the vegetal specie, Petroselinum sativum Hoff., known as parsley, is widely used in the Brazilian folk medicine as diuretic. The objective of this study is to verify if Brazilian use of parsley aqueous extract has similar effects with investigations that show a diuretic effect of P. sativum in rats. METHODS: 19 rats were anesthetized and we cannulated the trachea, left carotid artery (for arterial pressure measurement) and urinary bladder (to collect urine). After 40 minutes of adaptive surgery conditions, anesthetized rats were administrated as related with their group: control (CON), oral administration with 1.0 mL of filtered water, and treated group (AE), oral administration with aqueous extract of seeds of parsley 20 percent (AE). Urine was collected three times (30 minutes each) and then this material was used for sodium and potassium determinations, to evaluate the amount excreted of these ions. Blood pressure was measured by mercury manometer for 9 times. All data were statistically evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: in the analyzed parameters, CON group did not show any differences; but AE group showed an increased of urinary flow and sodium and potassium amount excreted, and also decreased arterial pressure. All the parameters presented these modifications after 30 minutes of administration of AE (p<0.05). These results show that the treatment with the AE results in natriuretic and hypotensive effects in anesthetized Wistar rats, confirming the use of Brazilian population of this herb as diuretic.

A espécie vegetal, Petroselinum sativum Hoff, conhecida como salsa, é amplamente utilizada na medicina popular brasileira como diurético. O objetivo desse estudo é verificar se o uso brasileiro do extrato aquoso da salsa tem efeitos semelhantes com investigações que mostram o efeito diurético da P. sativum em ratos. MÉTODOS: 19 Ratos foram anestesiados e canulamos a traquéia, artéria carótida esquerda (para a medição da pressão arterial) e bexiga urinária (para coletar urina). Depois de 40 minutos para adaptação das condições cirúrgicas, ratos anestesiados foram administrados de acordo com seus grupos: controle (CON), administração oral com 1.0 mL de água filtrada, e grupo tratado (AE), administração oral com extrato aquoso de sementes de salsa 20 por cento (AE). Urina foi coletada três vezes (de 30 em 30 minutos) e então esse material foi utilizado para determinações de sódio e potássio, para avaliar a quantidade excretada desses íons. Pressão arterial foi medida pelo manômetro de mercúrio por 9 vezes. Todos os dados foram estatisticamente avaliados. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: nos parâmetros anestesiados, o grupo CON não mostrou nenhuma diferença; mas o grupo AE mostrou um aumento do fluxo urinário e da quantidade excretada de sódio e potássio, e também uma diminuição da pressão arterial. Todos os parâmetros apresentaram essas modificações após 30 minutos de administração do AE (p<0,05). Esses resultados mostram que o tratamento com o AE leva a efeitos natriurético e hipotensor em ratos Wistar anestesiados, confirmando o uso da população brasileira dessa erva como diurético.

Effect of processing on antitussive, antiasthmatic and diuretic activities of Morrus alba L / 中成药

AIM: To investigate the antitussive and antiasthmatic activities and diuretic activity of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed. METHODS: The antitussive and antiasthmatic activities in vivo (hypersensitivity) and in vitro (functional experiments) of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed were investigated. The diuretic activity of Morrus alba L. before and after being processed also were studied on rat and rabbit models. RESULTS: The processed Morrus alba L. could inhibite histamine-induced airway hypersensitivity. It's diuretic activity was lower but its antitussive activity was better. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that there are some differentes between Morrus alba L. before and after being processed in antitussive, antiasthmatic and diuretic activities. The diuretic activity of crude Morrus alba L. is superior to the processed Morrus alba L. But its antitussive and antiasthmatic activities are inferior to the processed Morrus alba L.